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n (1)材(原)料(anything out of which sth is or may be made)[C，U]：cleaning/building/natural/raw/explosive～s 清潔材料/建筑材料/天然材料/原料/爆炸物;an elastic～有彈性的材料;solid/fairly strong～s 堅固/很硬的材料;have a supply of all necessary～s 所有必需的材料都供應(yīng)充足;Hemp is often used as～for ropes大麻常用于制繩。Flex is often used as～for making linen.亞麻常用于紡織亞麻制品。be an officer～(fig) 當(dāng)軍官的材料;She's not a teacher～.(fig) 她不是當(dāng)教師的材料。

(2)布，織物，料子(cloth or fabric)[U，C]：dress/woolen/cotton/synthetic～衣料/毛料/棉布/合成織物;The sleeping bags are made of cotton and acrylic～s. 睡袋是用棉和丙烯酸材料做成的。〖同〗fabric，cloth;

(3)素材，資料(ideas or information that can be used as a basis for books，plays or films)[U]：find some～for writing articles 找到一些寫文章的素材;collect a lot of～for the new evaluation of the theory搜集許多重新評價這一理論的材料;The book provides much～for thought.這本書有許多內(nèi)容發(fā)人深思?！纪絝acts，notes;

(4)(某一活動所需的)材料(things that are needed for a particular activity)[C， usu pl， U]： teaching～s 教材; reading～s 閱讀材料;

adj (1)物質(zhì)的(of or concerning matter or substance;not spirit)[無comp][作attrib]：the～world/resources/civilization/damage物質(zhì)世界/資源/文明/破壞;What do we know of the～universe? 對物質(zhì)世界我們了解什么?〖同〗physical，substantial;〖反〗non-material，spiritual;

(2)物質(zhì)享受(referring to things that provide physical comfort)[無comp] [作attrib]：the～comforts/delights物質(zhì)享受/物質(zhì)享樂;the～necessities/possessions/needs 物質(zhì)需求/物質(zhì)擁有/物質(zhì)需要(衣、食等);She did it not for～gain but for spiritual satisfaction.她做這件事并非為了物質(zhì)需要，而是追求精神上的滿足。

(3)重(必)要的(essential or important)[A(to)]：～facts有關(guān)事實;a～improvement重大改進;a～witness 重要證人;(make)a～correction(作出)實質(zhì)的更正;discuss only the most～matter僅討論最重要的問題;the evidence that is～to one's defense為自己辯護的重要證據(jù);The money will be～to the people who lose their jobs. 該資金對失業(yè)者是必需的。He made a～contribution to the work.他為工作做出了重大貢獻?！纪絪ignificant，important，essential，vital，substantial;〖反〗insignificant，unimportant，unessential，unsubstantial;

→ma′terially adv重大(實質(zhì)性)地;ma′terialize，-ise v 使物質(zhì)化;實現(xiàn);?materiali′zation，-isation n 實現(xiàn)，具體化;ma′terialism n 唯物主義;ma′terialist n唯物主義者;adj 唯物主義的;

【辨異】material，matter，substance均指構(gòu)成或制成某物的材料。material 主要指物質(zhì)成分，特別是做東西的成分，如：a cake made from best materials(用最好的原料做的蛋糕);matter指所占有的空間，由物質(zhì)構(gòu)成的東西，如：Matter is a form of energy.(物質(zhì)是一種能量形式。)We and the universe about us are matter.(我們與我們周圍的宇宙都是物質(zhì)構(gòu)成的。)substance 通常指某種物質(zhì)的化學(xué)成分和物理性能已為人們所認識，如：hard substance(硬物質(zhì));gaseous substances (氣體(物質(zhì)));an object of mixture of different substances(不同物質(zhì)的混合體)。